However, the 2023 trial overseen by US District Judge James Donato revealed a pattern of scheming on Google’s part to prevent the distribution of alternative app stores on Android phones. While Android devices do allow sideloading of apps, and the platform is open source, Google’s scale and partnerships with OEMs made it a de facto monopoly. This led the court to impose extensive remedies that could remake the mobile app ecosystem.

in the linked article on the 2023 trial:

At the time, Google was quick to point out that the ability to sideload apps on Android meant Epic hadn’t been completely barred from distributing Fortnite on the platform (as it had been on iOS). “The open Android ecosystem lets developers distribute apps through multiple app stores,” Google said in 2020. “While Fortnite remains available on Android, we can no longer make it available on Play because it violates our policies. However, we welcome the opportunity to continue our discussions with Epic and bring Fortnite back to Google Play.”

By April 2020, Epic had returned to the Google Play store, accusing Google of imposing a number of important limits on its sideloaded software. As the company said at the time:

Google puts software downloadable outside of Google Play at a disadvantage, through technical and business measures such as scary, repetitive security pop-ups for downloaded and updated software, restrictive manufacturer and carrier agreements and dealings, Google public relations characterizing third-party software sources as malware, and new efforts such as Google Play Protect to outright block software obtained outside the Google Play store.