

Your question is vague and it would be hard to give you an apt response, if you rephrase it with more clarity I’ll get back to you.
I was not talking about case law. I was talking about text. But if you want my thoughts on prior precedents let me know which ones.
Well it was Madison if you want to know who held the quill, but upon the consent and order of the Confederation Congress which our current Congress acts in the continuity of. See Art. XI Clause I (proclaiming the debts of the Confederation’s Congress maybe held just as valid under the Constitution’s Congress).